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Full project – Health and safety measures in an industrial setting

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The welfare of mankind in various places of work cannot be achieved without healthy environment. The industrial setup could become a big problem to the workers, the management and immediate environment if not properly managed. In line with this, health and safety measures in an industry are to make sure such problems that are associated with industrial activities are being arrested.

Workers must therefore be educated in order to adopt safety measures to enhance the prevention and control of occupational health hazards, industrial disease and accident in order to promote the physical, mental and social well-being of employees, the management and the community in general.

Many industries have successfully implemented ergonomic solution in their facilities as a way to address their workers injury risk.

This intervention include modifying existing equipment, making changes in work practices and purchasing new tool or other devices to assist in the production process, making these changes has reduced physical demands eliminating unnecessary movements, lowered injury rates and other associated workers compensation costs and reduced employees turn over. In many cases work efficiency and productivity have increased as well.

To reduce the chance of injury work tasks should be designed to limit exposure to ergonomic risk factors. Were possible engineering control are the most desirable administration or work practices control may be appropriate in some cases where engineering control cannot be implemented or when different procedure are needed after implementation of new engineering controls.

BRIEF HISTORY OF UMEH’S SAWMILL

Umeh’s sawmill industry stared its operation in the year 1998. The sawmill started her production at small scale level. It was only one machine “the circular saw” that was used in sawing wood. After few years, some few years, some big machines like “mighty mite” was procured and installed for sawing wood.

As demands continue to increase many other machines such as the C.D.B, the Dormer which is used to fell down trees which led to as increase in production rate till date.

LOCATION OF THE SAWMILL

Umeh’s sawmill (Nigeria) limited is located in Zango Daji in Lokoja, Lokoja Local Government Area of Kogi State. It is situated along Okene-Kabba road 8km from Ganaja junction Lokoja kogi state. It is along the right handside when traveling from Lokoja to okene before Kaduna junction.

Many things were put into consideration before sitting the sawmill where it is today. Some of which are access road, availability of materials and are as where the products can be sold.

The materials used in such an industry are nothing other than timber. 1.3 timber are gotten from the forest very close to the site where the sawmill is located and also from Ekiti state.

The timber which is the raw materials is normally classified into two and they are hard wood and soft wood. It is important to note that the timbers are not planted by anyone but grow naturally in the forest and some are agriculturally grown and nursed for many years before it is ready for use in the industry.

Some of these trees are iroko, mahogany etc. it is the duty of the timber that are good to be used in the industry.

MODE OF OPERATION

The timbers transported to the industry are usually given sometime for the moisture to be driven off and at time they are used immediately. The timber are rolled manually to the sawmill section whereby they are splitted by the machine in the industry known as C.D.6 the timber are further splitted into various sizes and shape such as linch, 2×2 inches, 4×2 inches, 2×6 inches, 12×12 inches, etc.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Umeh’s sawmill have problems of occupational facility. It was noted that the sawmill practices open burning of waste generated and it adversely affected the environment.

The worker and people living close to the industry could be exposed to noise and dust pollution emitted from the industry.

The management does not provide personal protective device (PPD) to the workers.

The workers of the industry do no have the knowledge of health and safety measure in an industry.

The health of the people is really the bedrock upon which all their power as a stat fully depends. When a person is healthy he/she can do anything for the upkeep of the environment.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study is to find out and enlighten the workers and management of sawmill processing industry on how to cope with health and safty measures in working environment.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following as some of the significance of study:

It will help to identify and protect workers from hazards associated wioth the working environment.
It will educate or enlighten workers in ensuring that their rights are well protected.
It will ensure greater job satisfaction.
Another significance of the study is that the findings of this research work could be used as basis for more comprehensive future and better controlled measures of solving health and safety problems in an industry.
It is also useful to government regulatory agencies that are responsible for enforcing health and safety measures in industries.
It is also a useful sources of information to the sawmill, the people in the neighborhood and the general public.

1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

This study is set-up to identify and provide the solution to the problems of health safety and welfare in an industrial set up of small scale firm a case study of UMEH’S SAWMILL INDUSTRY AT ZANGO DAJI LOKOJA KOGI STATE.

1.6 OBJECTIVES

1.6.1 BOARD OBJECTIVES

This is to investigate, analyze and suggest appropriate health and safety measures in Umeh’s sawmill industry as it affects the environment and the workers.

1.6.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

To find-out if the activities of the industry can have effects on workers and the people living close to the industry.
To investigate the health hazards associated with the working environment.
To ascertain if the management provide personal protective devices (PPD) for the workers.
To find-out whether the workers have the knowledge of health measures in the industry.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The research choose to study and focus her attention on how to prevent hazards or accidents associated with industries, promotion of workers health through the health and safety measures in Umeh’s sawmill industry.

1.8 RESEARCH QUESTION AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

RESEARCH QUESTION I

Can there be health hazard as a result of exposure to dust pollution emitted from Umeh’s sawmill industry.

The use of personal protective reduces the health hazards that are associated with the industry.

RESEARCH QUESTION III

There could be consequences when workers did not have the knowledge of health and safety measures in Umeh’s sawmill industry.

RESEARCH QUESTION

Can unhealthy person do anything for the upkeep of his or her working environment?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS IV

Unhealthy person cannot do anything for the upkeep of his or her working environment.

1.9 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERM S

P.P.D – simply means personal protective devices

DISEASE – means disorders of the body or enervation from normal state of health.

RESEARCH – this can be defined as a careful study of a subject especially modern way of discovering new facts and information about it.

DUST – means particulate matter or earth matter in the form of fine powder hanging on the ground surface or blown about by wind.

WELFARE – this is provision of adequate facilities in working place.

OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT – this is a sudden event which happens as a result of exposures to hazard and cause injury to workers during production.

HAZARDS – means anything that can cause more injury or damage to man life animal and properties.

SAFETY – is the state of being safe and protected from harms or damage

HEALTH – according to World Health Organization health can be defined as the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of individual not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

NOISE – is often defined as any “unwanted sound” but the definition is subject to debate because of the fact that one man’s sound maybe another man’s noise. Perhaps noise is a wrong sound in the wrong place at a wrong time or at a particular point in time.

INDUSTRIAL SANITATION – means that various ways of ensuring a clean environment in an industrial setting for the purpose of preventing disease and promoting the health of the workers.

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Full project – Health and safety measures in an industrial setting

Full project – Health and safety measures in an industrial setting

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