Full Project – FACTORS HINDERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
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ABSTRACT
The study examined “Factors hindering the development of technical education in Nigeria”. The study objectives are to: Insufficient numbers of qualified teachers affects students’ performance in; Unavailability of instructional materials for teaching of Technical Education affects students’ performance in Technical Education; The previous socio-economic backgrounds of the students affect them in studying Technical Education; and the attitude and interest of students towards the nature of Technical Education contribute deeply to their performance in SSCE. The study employed the descriptive survey design. The nature of the problem was duly considered in the study. The research design used for this study is the survey design. The reason why this design was adopted was because the researcher would make use of the primary data obtained through the questionnaire. The area of the study covers students of five selected secondary schools located within Eti-Osa Local Government Area, Lagos, Lagos. The target population consists of public secondary school students in Eti-Osa Local Government Area, Lagos. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for the study. The researcher useD a total of one hundred (100) students from five (5) selected public secondary schools in Eti-Osa Local Government Area, Lagos. The research instrument used was questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using simple percentage while hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square Statistics. The study recommended that Government both at the federal and state levels should employ more qualified teachers for secondary schools to ensure efficiency and optimal performance in Technical Education. The study also recommended that Teachers should develop positive relationship with students and stress classroom activities, that will involve active teaching-learning process and students participation in the class. The study concludes that insufficient numbers of qualified Technical Education teachers and instructional materials for teaching affects Technical Education.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
Technical education is education that prepares people for a skilled craft as an artisan, trade as a tradesperson, or work as a technician. Vocational education can also be seen as that type of education given to an individual to prepare that individual to be gainfully employed or self employed with requisite skill. Vocational education is known by a variety of names, depending on the country concerned, including career and technical education, or acronyms such as TVET (technical and vocational education and training) and TAFE (technical and further education) (Lawal, 2013). It focuses on providing individuals with the necessary skills and competencies to work in various technical industries such as engineering, construction, manufacturing, and information technology. Technical education typically includes hands-on training, practical experience, and theoretical knowledge to prepare individuals for specific careers or professions. In Nigeria, technical education plays a crucial role in the country’s economic development and industrialization. It is aimed at equipping individuals with the skills needed to contribute to the growth of various sectors, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and technology. However, the development of technical education in Nigeria faces several challenges that hinder its progress and effectiveness.
One of the key factors hindering the development of Technical Education in Nigeria is the lack of adequate infrastructure and facilities. According to a study conducted by Adeyemi and Adeyinka (2017), the absence of well-equipped workshops, laboratories, and classrooms greatly affects the quality of technical education. This lack of infrastructure not only limits the practical training opportunities for students but also hampers the overall learning experience.
The development of Technical Education in Nigeria is mostly affected by the shortage of qualified and competent teachers. As highlighted by Okeke and Nwosu (2018), the scarcity of skilled instructors in technical fields leads to a gap in knowledge transfer and practical expertise. This issue is further exacerbated by the brain drain phenomenon, where highly skilled teachers migrate to other countries in search of better opportunities.
The inadequate funding and budget allocation for Technical Education in Nigeria is also a major obstacle. In their research, Okoro and Nwosu (2019) found that the insufficient financial support from the government limits the capacity of technical institutions to provide quality education. Insufficient funds result in outdated equipment, limited research opportunities, and inadequate staff training, all of which hinder the development of technical education.
The lack of industry collaboration and partnerships is another factor hindering the development of Technical Education in Nigeria. According to a study by Ogunleye and Ogunleye (2016), the absence of strong ties between technical institutions and industries limits the exposure of students to real-world scenarios and practical experiences. This lack of collaboration also affects the relevance of technical education to the needs of the industry, leading to a gap between graduates’ skills and industry requirements.
Socio-cultural factors also play a role in hindering the development of Technical Education in Nigeria. As highlighted by Afolabi and Ogunleye (2018), societal biases towards technical education as a lesser career choice compared to traditional academic paths discourage students from pursuing technical fields. This mindset perpetuates the notion that technical education is inferior, leading to a lack of interest and motivation among students.
The absence of effective policies and regulatory frameworks is a significant factor impeding the development of Technical Education in Nigeria. According to the research conducted by Okeke and Nwosu (2018), the lack of clear guidelines and standards for technical education institutions hampers their ability to maintain quality and relevance. Without proper regulations, there is a risk of substandard institutions emerging, which further undermines the overall development of technical education in the country.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Technical education plays a crucial role in the development of any nation, as it equips individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge to contribute to the growth of various industries. However, in Nigeria, the development of technical education has been hindered by several factors. One of the main challenges is the lack of adequate funding and investment in technical education institutions. This has resulted in a shortage of qualified teachers, outdated infrastructure, and a limited range of technical courses offered.
Another factor hindering the development of technical education in Nigeria is the negative perception towards technical education. Many individuals and parents still consider technical education as inferior to academic education, leading to a lack of interest and enrollment in technical courses. This perception needs to be changed in order to promote the growth of technical education in the country.
Additionally, the curriculum and teaching methods in technical education institutions need to be updated to meet the demands of the rapidly evolving technological landscape. The lack of industry collaboration and partnerships with technical education institutions also hampers the development of technical education in Nigeria. This prevents students from gaining practical experience and exposure to real-world challenges, limiting their employability and contribution to the economy.
Furthermore, the inadequate infrastructure and facilities in technical education institutions pose a significant challenge. Many institutions lack well-equipped workshops, laboratories, and modern equipment, which are essential for practical training and skill development. This hinders the quality of education and limits the ability of students to acquire hands-on experience.
In conclusion, the development of technical education in Nigeria is hindered by factors such as inadequate funding, negative perception, outdated curriculum, lack of industry collaboration, and inadequate infrastructure. Addressing these challenges is crucial to promote the growth of technical education and ensure that Nigeria has a skilled workforce capable of driving economic development.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Study has been undertaken with a view to identify the Factors hindering the development of technical education in Nigeriaand Eti-Osa Local Government Area and factors responsible for these problems. Specifically, the study sought to find out if:-
- Insufficient numbers of qualified teachers affect students’ performance in Technical Education.
- Unavailability of instructional materials for teaching of Technical Education affects students’ performance in Technical Education,
- The previous socio-economic backgrounds of the students affect them in studying Technical Education.
- The attitude and interest of students towards the nature of Technical Education contribute deeply to their performance in SSCE.
Research Questions
In assessing the purpose of the study, this research project will answer the following questions:
- Does insufficient numbers of qualified Technical Education teachers affects students’ performance in Technical Education?
- Does unavailability of instructional materials for teaching of Technical Education affects students’ performance in Technical Education ?
- Does previous socio-economic background of the students affect them in studying Technical Education?
- How would interest of students towards the nature of Technical Education contribute deeply to their performance in SSCE?
Research Hypotheses
In carrying out this research work the following theoretical statements are buttressed to serve as a direction on which the work will be premised:
- H0: Insufficient numbers of qualified Technical Education teachers does not affects students’ performance of students in Technical Education
H1: Insufficient numbers of qualified Technical Education teachers and instructional materials teaching affects Technical Education.
H0: There is no significant relationship between availability of instructional materials for teaching of Technical Education and students’ performance in Technical Education .
H1: There is significant relationship between availability of instructional materials for teaching of Technical Education and students’ performance in Technical Education .
1.6 Scope of the Study
The research work seeks to examine the Factors hindering the development of technical education in Nigeria. The study will be limited to five selected schools in Eti-Osa Local Government Area, Lagos.
1.7 Significance of the Study
There is need to apply knowledge from Technical Education to many area of our life in other to benefit the society. The achievements of the objective necessitates an understanding of the basic teaching of Technical Education. We cannot attain national objectives in the light of poor or average performances in examinations and lack of application of Technical Education to life students.
Without doubt, improved teaching and learning of Technical Education will spur us into greater heights. This study will help to make our educational administrators to see the need to have qualified Technical Education teachers to handle the subject effectively for the benefit of the students and society at large.
This study will help to sensitize the educational administrators to appreciate the need to make available the necessary materials, example, chalkboard, graphs, audio-visual materials etc. that will enhance effective learning of Technical Education if they are not available.
This study will if need be direct the Technical Education teachers’ attention to the need for them to adopt more appropriate teaching method in order to bring about the above mentioned desirable experience in the learners. This study will have a great significance because it is going to provide information to Technical Education teachers for formation and evaluation of their plans.
It will be useful to learners for through this, they will be able to identify the factors militating against the proper teaching and learning of Technical Education. This study will help to produce sound Technical Education students that will function very well in the economy such as:
(a) Knowing how to use scarce productive resources with alternative uses to meet prescribed ends and be able to apply the principles of Technical Education.
(b) The product of Technical Education that should be able to pick employment within a limited employment opportunity in any economy.
This work will serve as a source of encouragement to students and teachers that will come across it. It is hoped that the findings of this study would also form the basis for further research work by future researchers on this issue.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Technical Education: Technical education refers to the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge in a specific field or trade.
Instructional Materials: These are materials that are used to aid in the transference of information from one student to another in Education arena.
Teaching: the act or profession of a person who teaches.
Job Performance: This is the work related activities expected of an employee and how well those activities were executed.
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