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Full Project – Design and implementation of electronic diagnosis system for Covid-19

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1INTRODUCTION

On 30th January 2020 the WHO declared a global “public health emergency of international concern” (PHEIC) regarding the epidemic caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which started in a Wuhan seafood market, Hubei province . This virus is genetically very similar to the bat SARS-CoV in the subgenus Sarbecovirus. The WHO has currently named the disease, which has spread so rapidly throughout the world, as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has also been renamed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Coronaviruses got their name from their morphology when observed under a microscope. The virus consists of a core of genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes. This gives it the appearance of a crown. The word Corona means “crown” in Latin. Coronaviruses are zoonotic meaning that the viruses are transmitted between animals and humans. Coronaviruses can be classified into four genera (α, β, γ, and δ), and these viruses are detected in a very wide selection of animal species, including humans. The virus that causes the COVID-19 disease belongs to the β-coronavirus genus. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, three kinds of coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier, causing deadly pneumonia in humans. These include the severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV, Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. Unlike previous coronaviruses that caused large-scale epidemics such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), the transmission rate for SARS-CoV-2 is much higher, with an average of two to three people becoming infected for every already infected person. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted to healthy persons by exposure to the respiratory droplets of one infected person through close interactions. After entering the body, this virus is first observed in the nasal mucosa and mouth, and is then transferred to the lungs of the exposed individuals. People infected with SARS-CoV2 will experience weak symptoms, but in susceptible persons with certain underlying diseases like diabetes, hypertension, heart and autoimmune diseases, severe respiratory and lethal sickness or damage to some other vital organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney or the central nervous systems will take place.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Health care facility should be accessible by all at all times. But some of the people that should access these facilities are far removed from these facilities. More so, in the few available facilities, qualified medical personnel are always key issues that need urgent redress.

Computer Science has enabled the development of expert system which in turn improved human performance in their related field in life. The development of experts system that capture skills and expertise of a human expert has not been easy and date back to the Second World War, where experts of computer tried relentlessly to develop technique or systems that would allow act more intelligently than human. But recently, experts system have proven their value by aiding for example, medical professionals in diagnosing diseases and scheduling task as well mechanics in trouble shooting locomotive problems and configuring complex computer hardware.

In view of the foregoing, it would be of great necessity to provide a computerized system that will provide a complementary medical service, such as medical disease diagnosis in places where accessibility is a problem as well as health care facilities where qualified experts are lacking, hence this topic, electronic diagnosis system on some medical illness and disease.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Disease and virus diagnosis and treatment constitute the major work of physicians. Some of the time, diagnosis is wrongly done leading to error in drug prescription and further complications in the patients’ health. It has also been noticed that much time is spent in physical examination and interview of patients before treatment commences. The clinical decision support system (CDSS) shall address these problems by effectively providing quality diagnosis in real-time.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The major objective of this work is to develop an electronic diagnosis system for covid-19. It also targets towards contributing to academic research work. To develop modern interactive diagnostic software that will aid clinicians in diagnostic procedures. To offer prescription of medication. To enable flexibility in access to information through the World Wide Web or comprehensive knowledge bases. It is also to ascertain whether the patient could be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. It will also examine a patient based on simple clinical signs, and to improve family and community health.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

If the system is fully developed will be very useful in many areas such as:

It will help to retain the skill of an medical doctor in case of any eventuality;
It can support academic development;

It can be useful in many hospitals, both private and government, cases where the electronic diagnosis system is not on seat;

It can also be used in the laboratory for quick research work.
To reduce the spread of the virus by limiting the contact of doctors and patients.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this work will include the following

A dynamic database system that can act as knowledge based system
A complete model of an electronic diagnosis system to portray sample troubleshooter

Explore the power of visual data handling

To implement a dynamic and remote diagnosis system

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Unavailability of academic materials.
Transport problem

Lack of financial support

Lack of Time

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Management: It is the co-ordination of all the resources of an Organization through the process of planning, Organization, directing and controlling

System: Physical component of a computer that is used to perform certain task.
Data: Numbers, Text or image which is in the form suitable for Storage in or processing by a computer, or in complete information.

Information: A meaning full material derived from computer data by organizing it and interpreting it in a specified way.

Input: Data entered into a computer for storage or processing.

Output: Information produced from a computer after processing.

Information System: A set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store

And distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.

Computer: Computer is an electronic device that accepts data as Input, processes data and gives out information as output to the user.

Software: Software is set of related programs that are designed by the manufacturer to control the hardware and to enable the computer perform a given task.

Hardware: Hardware is a physical part of a computer that can be touched, seen, feel which are been control by the software to perform a given task.

Database: Database is the collection of related data in an organized form.

Programming: programming is a set of coded instruction which the computers understands and obey.
Technology: Technology is the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use technical and their interrelation with life, society and the environment, drawing upon such as industrial art, engineering, applied science and pure science.

Algorithm: A set of logic rules determined during the design phase of a data matching application. The blueprint used to turn logic rules into computer instructions that detail what step to perform in what order.

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