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Full Project – THE INFLUENCE OF MARITAL INSTABILITY ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS. IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the study

It is a universal, cultural idea that life should be orderly and that families, like clocks, should run smoothly, quietly leading to continuity of life. But this do not seem to be so in many societies, where all forms of marital instability are the order of the day. Various forms of marital instability, which reflect disruptive events that undermine the continuity, cohesiveness, and predictability of family life from the child’s perspective, have been shown to increase children’s vulnerability to psychological problems Ackerman, el al (1999). For example, residential changes, parental illness, parental romantic relationship, transitions, and changes in caregivers are specific disruptive events that have been associated with a wide range of maladjustment among both children. Thus, any single disruptive event, such as divorce, is part of a larger constellation of marital instability characterized by parental marital transitions, frequent moving, income and occupational changes, and disruptions in family routines.

Becker, (2002) Marriage is very important in humans’ life as said by the holy Prophet Muhammad that whoever that refuses to marry is not among my people, therefore marriage is very vital purposely for our faith to be completed.

Uka, Obidoa & Uzoechina, (2013) Parents expect his or her child later in life to engage in marriage for procreation and continuity. Marriage is a basic institution in every society designed by God as a social agreement between two individual to become husband and wife. Ryan & Powelson, (2010) it is an institution that gives legitimacy to sexual relationship and reproduction of legitimate children. Gbenda, & Akume, (2002) Abane, (2003). Bumpass, (2009) affirm that Marriage involves joining in matrimony two individuals of different genders to become one flesh as husband and wife, given the need for companionship, procreation, continuing and sustaining family ties.

Omoniyi, et al, (2014) Nevertheless, marital instability in the present day society is of huge concern as it is associated with separation, divorce and widowhood.

Uka, et al., (2013), stated that marriage is a legalizing of a special relationship between a man and woman to which the society gives approval; and it places partners under legal and social obligations to themselves and the society. Although the concepts of marriage and family are often used synonymously, they are not same but have distinct meanings. Sarker, (2007) the term family is defined as any two people who are related to each other. Onwuasoanya (2006) the family is the household and those who live in one house and a network of persons such as the couple, their offspring and kin intimately held together by a bond of social and kinship relationship.

Becker, 2002; Sarker, (2007; Uka et al., 2013; Omoniyi-Oyafunke et al., (2014) The effects of the family devoid of instability is recognized by researches locally and worldwide. This is because the family with relative stability grows and is one where positive relationship is promoted and sustained. As a consequence, Sarker (2007) refers to marital instability as the interpersonal association and interaction within the marital relationship. Moreover, Lesmin & Sarker (2008) defined marital instability as the process whereby marriages break down through separation, desertion or divorce. Hence, the increasing incidence of marital disharmony such as the occurrence of divorce shows that there is marital instability in a number of families in the Nigerian context Ezennay, (2006). Marital instability occurs as an attempt of one individual or partner to checkmate the behaviour and anticipations of the other Uka et al., (2013). This threatens the household stability as well as the well-being of the children, as it often impacts on their academic adjustment and achievement. A number of people in the contemporary society believe that the educational system has failed, but evidently, the schooling system has not failed but rather it is the partnership that has failed, with schools taking on the responsibility that families, communities once assumed Castro-Martin & Bumpass, (2009).

The family stability often has a marked influence on the student’s motivation for learning and on her to cope with academics. The home environment is a strong pointer to the academic adjustment and achievement of children. This is because a number of children’s academic potentials are now confronted with increasing difficulties as a result of parental marital instability (Sarker, 2007). The contact between the parent, teachers and students makes a lot of impact on the academic performance of the students. So those who do not regularly attend lectures because of lack of proper monitoring by the parents could experience challenges adjusting academically Bumpass, (2009). Marriage is both Qur’anically and prophetically allowed to the extent that the prophet said “marriage is my practice and anybody who go out of it is not part of my people (Imam Malik vol.1).

Marriage is an institution approved and ordained by God. Jaiyeola(2005). According to an Islamic scholar Al-Sayid Nadir (2003), marital instability can be caused by so many factors like financial problems, unsatisfactory sexual relationship and cultural differences. Marital instability affected the marriage institution. According to Broom (1990), family is a social system in which the creation of one member affects the other. Student from home where there is instability usually associated with anti-social behaviour and poor performance in Education. Salam (1998) Students from unstable home often pass through a period of great disturbance and they witness bitterness and emotional tension in their parents which often leave them with feeling of insecurity. Nwabachi and Egbue(1993).

Instability in the marital status has much more influences on the students’ performance than any other thinking factors as expressed by the teachers, and the parents.

Statement of the problem

The research work is designed in order to point out the impact of marital instability on Islamic studies students’ academic performance in Ilorin West Local Government area, Kwara State. Various educationists have asserted that marital relationship of parents has influence on the students’ behaviours and academic performance. Among the adverse effects suffered by students from unstable home include emotional disturbance, depression and poor cognitive functioning. Many studied have carried out on influence of marital instability on academic performance in secondary school, this include: Uka et al, (2013) Who Wrote on Marital disharmony: Causes and Resolution strategies in Enugu, who supported that marital instability threatens the household stability as well as the well-being of the children, as it often impacts on their academic adjustment and achievement. Abu & Kolawale, (2012) also wrote on family patter and marital Education in Lagos and argue that parents who expressed more conflict at home fail to provide a regular supervision for their children, resulting in poorer school adjustment and academic performance. Majoribanks (2003) wrote on the role of gender in family instability in Nigerian Journal, who confirmed that both male and female adolescents from divorced families‟ exhibit higher rates of conduct disorder, which affect their academic performance.

Therefore, to the best knowledge of this researcher, no work has been carried out on effect of marital instability on academic performance on Islamic studies students’ in secondary school in Ilorin west Local government Kwara State. This is the gap that this research is trying to fill.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of marital instability on academic performance of Islamic studies students secondary schools in Ilorin West Local Government Kwara State. Specifically it finds out:

Effect of the causes of the marital instability on academic performance of Islamic studies students.
Solution to the marital instability in the societies
Influence of the marital instability on academic performance of Islamic studies students
Problems faced by the parents of marital instability home and effect on academic performance of Islamic studies students.

Research Questions

What are causes of marital instability on academic performance of Islamic studies students?
What are the problems being faced by parents of marital instability home on academic performance of Islamic studies students?
What are the solutions to the marital instability in the societies?

Scope of the Study

The study is limited to influence of marital instability on the students’ academic performance in Ilorin West Local Government Area. It is also restricted to both Islamic studies teachers and Islamic studies students. Ten secondary Schools were randomly selected for this study. The schools are as follow:

Banni Community Secondary School, Ilorin
Government High School Adeta, Ilorin.
Baboko Community Secondary School Ilorin.
Baraka Community Secondary School Ilorin
Government day Secondary School, Adewole Ilorin.
Sheikh AbdulQadir College Ilorin.
Government day Secondary School, Alore Ilorin.
Pakata senior Secondary School, Ilorin
Government Girls’ Day Secondary School, Jengbe Ilorin.
Government Girls’ Day Secondary School, Oke Suna, Ilorin

The participants in the study were Islamic studies teachers and Islamic studies students. And questionnaires were administered to the teachers and the students of Islamic studies. Two (2) Islamic studies teachers and twenty Islamic studies students were randomly selected from each of the selected secondary school to make a total of one hundred and twenty correspondents.

Definition of the Key Terms

There is need to define some terms that will be constantly used in the study for better understanding of the readers and the researchers to understand the meaning in which they were used.

Influence: An effect of one person or thing on another. It also can be defined as a means in which a person or thing that affect the way a person behaves and thoughtful.
Marital: The word marital is derived from “marriage”. According to Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary, marriage is a legal relationship between husband and wife. Marriage can also be described as a long live contract which is to be mutual agreement between man and woman to become husband and wife after fulfillment of the total conditions of marriage which legalizes them for sexual enjoyment purposely for legal procreation.
Instability: instability in an ordinary sense means a situation where things are no longer the same. Advanced learner’s dictionary defines instability as the quality of a situation in which things are likely to change or fail suddenly. It also defines it as a metal condition which somebody’s behavior is likely to change suddenly.
Marital Instability: this can be defined as breaking down of the matrimonial home which may be as a result of the disagreement between the couples or the death of the husband. Posmo Brown (2004) defines marital instability as when couples are unable to resolve conflict. The same pattern of dispute occurs repeatedly and there are no new ways of dealing with the problem, the tendency is that inability will creep in and such instability can threaten the entire relationship resulting in bitter quarrel, emotional withdrawal, lack of affection and divorce. Marital instability is a social problem that is capable of causing everlasting sorrow on the children, the couples and even the society at large.
Academic Performance: is the extent to which a student has achieved their short or long-term educational goals. Or the success of the student in school endeavours.
Children: children are offsprings who are not yet an adult and are still growing in home.
Students’ Experience: This refers to the general behaviour of the student either to life or to the educational aspect.

Significance of the Study

This study is very essential because it manifests the effect of marital instability on the academic performance of the Islamic studies student. The findings of this study will enable people to be aware of the resultant effects of the problem on the children so as to help them to achieve in their academic and social activities. The result of this study will emphasize on the causes of marital instability. The outcome of this study will benefit the parents on the consequences of marital instability on the academic performance of their children in Islamic studies. The findings of this study will benefit the teacher to manage and help of single students of single parent.

Furthermore, on educational research, the finding of this study will enable other researcher to identify more areas that need to be addressed.

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