Full Project – EFFECTS OF INADEQUATE TEACHING PERSONNEL ON STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ONDO WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE.
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study
Inadequate teaching personnel often leads to larger class sizes, which can hinder effective learning. With more students to attend to, teachers may struggle to provide individualized attention and support to each student, resulting in a less engaging and interactive learning environment. This lack of personalized instruction can impede students’ understanding and mastery of complex concepts.
The shortage of teaching personnel in secondary schools can have far-reaching effects on students’ academic performance. From larger class sizes to decreased instructional quality and diminished motivation, the consequences of inadequate teaching personnel can hinder students’ learning and future prospects. It is crucial for educational institutions and policymakers to address this issue by implementing strategies to attract and retain qualified teachers, ensuring that students receive the support and guidance they need to thrive academically.
According to Ayuk (2012) shortage of teachers refer to exceptional high demand in relation to the supply or low supply in relation to demand. Shortage of teachers can be observed in the form of imbalance in the teacher student ratio in schools. Moreover, teacher job performance can be defined as a set of actions the teacher performs in a school in order to achieve educational goals (Hwang et al., 2017). It is advised that the teacher-student ratio (TSR) should be 1:40 and it is obtained from students’ enrolment divided by the number of teachers in a school (UNESCO, 2014). Hence, teacher job performance will be enhanced due to the balance of student ratio and other teaching and when there is a good teacher, student ratio and teaching material are provided.
Globally, teachers are the most important element in the education process. This fact is supported by Mbunda (2006) who stated that a teacher is a professional educator whose job is to facilitate learning and provides knowledge and skills required by the learners. Clearly, teachers have a key role to play so as to ensure effective growth and development of the students. Teachers are key in achieving the desired goals and objectives of educational institutions (Kapur, 2018). Therefore, there is a need to pay attention to having adequate qualified teachers to ensure quality education is provided (Edutopia, 2016).
However, according to Cobbold (2015), the problem of getting sufficient numbers of qualified teachers to schools is one of the most significant public policy issues facing many countries. Similarly, UNESCO (2014) reported that the main challenges facing the teacher education system are the production and retention of enough teachers. Training enough teachers in time and with the required mix of qualifications to meet the needs of each subject is not a child`s play. The situation is worse in science, mathematics, and English language subjects (UNESCO, 2014). This affects the performance of teachers because of the heavy workload they are allocated.
Moreover, inadequate teaching personnel can also lead to a decrease in the quality of education provided. When schools are understaffed, teachers may be overburdened with excessive workloads, leaving them with limited time and energy to adequately prepare for lessons and provide timely feedback on students’ work. This can result in a decline in the overall quality of instruction, as teachers may not have the resources or capacity to deliver comprehensive and well-structured lessons.
Furthermore, the shortage of teaching personnel can have a detrimental impact on the morale and motivation of both students and teachers. Students may feel demotivated and disengaged when they do not receive the necessary support and guidance from their teachers. This can lead to a decrease in their academic performance and overall interest in learning. Similarly, teachers may experience burnout and job dissatisfaction due to the increased workload and lack of support, which can further impact their ability to effectively teach and inspire students.
Additionally, the effects of inadequate teaching personnel can extend beyond the classroom. Students who do not receive proper instruction may struggle to meet academic standards and may be ill-prepared for higher education or future careers. This can perpetuate a cycle of underachievement and limit students’ opportunities for success. Moreover, the overall reputation and performance of secondary schools can be negatively affected by a shortage of teaching personnel, leading to a decline in enrollment and community support.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The shortage of teaching personnel in secondary schools has become a pressing issue in recent years. This problem has raised concerns about its potential impact on students’ academic performance. As the number of qualified teachers decreases, it is crucial to understand the effects this shortage may have on students’ educational outcomes.
One of the primary consequences of a shortage of teaching personnel is the decreased individual attention that students receive. With fewer teachers available, class sizes tend to increase, making it challenging for educators to provide personalized instruction. This lack of individual attention can hinder students’ ability to grasp complex concepts and may lead to a decline in their academic performance.
A shortage of teaching personnel also puts a strain on the available resources and support systems within secondary schools. Teachers often have to handle larger workloads, resulting in limited time and resources to adequately address students’ needs. This lack of support can negatively impact students’ academic performance, as they may not receive the necessary guidance and assistance to excel in their studies.
The shortage of teaching personnel can contribute to increased levels of teacher burnout and high turnover rates. Overworked teachers may experience exhaustion and decreased job satisfaction, which can ultimately affect their ability to effectively teach and engage with students. This constant turnover of educators can disrupt the continuity of instruction and negatively impact students’ academic progress.
The shortage of teaching personnel can exacerbate existing inequalities in education. Schools in low-income areas are often hit the hardest by this issue, as they struggle to attract and retain qualified teachers. Consequently, students from disadvantaged backgrounds may face additional barriers to academic success, perpetuating the achievement gap between different socioeconomic groups.
The effects of a shortage of teaching personnel on students’ academic performance can have long-term consequences. Students who do not receive adequate education and support may struggle to meet their full potential, impacting their future opportunities and career prospects. Addressing this problem is crucial to ensure that all students have equal access to quality education and the opportunity to succeed academically.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of inadequate teaching personnel on student’s academic performance in English Language in selected Secondary Schools in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. The specific objectives are:
- To examine the correlation between the number of qualified English Language teachers and students’ academic performance in selected Secondary Schools.
- To investigate the impact of inadequate teaching personnel on students’ English Language proficiency in selected Secondary Schools.
- To identify the specific areas of English Language learning that are most affected by the shortage of teaching personnel in selected Secondary Schools.
- To explore the strategies implemented by selected Secondary Schools to mitigate the effects of inadequate teaching personnel on students’ academic performance in English Language.
- To propose interventions that can be implemented to address the shortage of teaching personnel and improve students’ academic performance in English Language in selected Secondary Schools.
1.4 Research Questions
The research questions for the study are buttressed below:
- What is the correlation between the number of qualified English Language teachers and students’ academic performance in selected Secondary Schools?
- To what extent will inadequate teaching personnel affect students’ English Language proficiency in selected Secondary Schools?
- Which specific areas of English Language learning are most affected by the shortage of teaching personnel in selected Secondary Schools?
- What strategies are implemented by selected Secondary Schools to mitigate the effects of inadequate teaching personnel on students’ academic performance in English Language?
- What interventions can be implemented to address the shortage of teaching personnel and improve students’ academic performance in English Language in selected Secondary Schools?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The hypothetical statement for the study is indicated below:
HO: Inadequate teaching personnel has no significant impact on students’ English Language proficiency in selected Secondary Schools.
H1: Inadequate teaching personnel has significant impact on students’ English Language proficiency in selected Secondary Schools.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The significance of studying the effects of a shortage of teaching personnel on students’ academic performance in secondary schools is multifaceted. Firstly, this research topic is of great importance because it directly impacts the quality of education that students receive. A shortage of teaching personnel can lead to larger class sizes, which can hinder individualized attention and support for students. This can ultimately result in lower academic performance and hinder students’ ability to reach their full potential.
Secondly, understanding the effects of a shortage of teaching personnel can inform policy decisions and resource allocation in education systems. By identifying the specific challenges and consequences associated with this issue, policymakers can develop targeted strategies to address the shortage and improve the overall quality of education. This research can provide valuable insights into the areas that require immediate attention and investment, such as recruitment and retention of qualified teachers.
Furthermore, studying the effects of a shortage of teaching personnel can contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of education. By examining the relationship between teacher availability and student academic performance, researchers can identify potential causal factors and develop evidence-based interventions. This can lead to the development of best practices and guidelines for schools and education systems to mitigate the negative impact of teacher shortages on students’ learning outcomes.
Additionally, this research topic has practical implications for school administrators and educators. By understanding the effects of a shortage of teaching personnel, schools can implement strategies to optimize the available resources and support students effectively. This may involve innovative teaching methods, collaborative learning approaches, or targeted interventions for students who are most affected by the shortage. Ultimately, this research can help schools navigate the challenges posed by teacher shortages and ensure that students receive a high-quality education.
Lastly, studying the effects of a shortage of teaching personnel can have broader societal implications. Education is a fundamental pillar of any society, and the quality of education directly influences the future prospects of individuals and the overall development of a nation. By addressing the issue of teacher shortages and its impact on students’ academic performance, this research can contribute to the larger goal of improving educational equity and ensuring equal opportunities for all students, regardless of their socio-economic background or geographical location.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study examines the effects of inadequate teaching personnel on student’s academic performance in English Language in selected Secondary Schools in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. The study is restricted to selected Secondary Schools in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
Listed below are the definitions of terms for the study:
- Inadequate: This term refers to something that is not sufficient or satisfactory in quality or quantity. It implies a lack or insufficiency in meeting a particular standard or requirement.
- Teaching personnel: This refers to individuals who are involved in the process of teaching and education. It includes teachers, instructors, professors, and other professionals who are responsible for imparting knowledge and skills to students.
- Student: A student is an individual who is enrolled in an educational institution and is actively engaged in learning. They are typically pursuing formal education and are in the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and qualifications.
- Academic performance: This term refers to the level of achievement and success that a student demonstrates in their academic pursuits. It encompasses various aspects such as grades, test scores, class participation, and overall understanding of the subject matter.
- English Language: English is a widely spoken language that originated in England and is now used as a global lingua franca. It is the official language of many countries and is commonly used for communication, business, education, and other purposes.
- Secondary Schools: Secondary schools, also known as high schools or secondary education institutions, are educational institutions that provide education to students in the age range of 14 to 18 years. They typically follow primary education and precede higher education, offering a curriculum that prepares students for college or vocational training.
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