Full Project – Knowledge and practices about bedbug infestation in College of Health Science and Technology

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction.

This chapter of the research report includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives, and study questions, significance of the study and scope of the study.

1.1 Background of the study.

Bedbugs, Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus, were common pests prior to World War

1. The advent of modern synthetic insecticides quickly decimated most bed bug infestations in the United States during the 1940’s and 1950’s (Orkin, 2017). Bedbugs are blood sucking ecto-parasites that infest human habitations and usually feed during the night when the host is sleeping (Changlu. W. et al, 2016). Under optimal conditions, the adult bedbug feeds once a week. The major attractants appear to be human body temperature and carbondioxide production and also by certain chemicals (Orkin, 2017).In the 1980’s bedbugs were considered relatively uncommon in many developed countries, such as the UK probably due to better building practices, better education, and emphasis on wide use of insecticides (Changlu. W. et al, 2016). Practicing environmental interventions like plastering cracks and crevices of walls can eliminate hiding niches of bedbugs (James s. s.et al, 2012). Most residents from recent research surveys have reported that exposing infested clothes under sunlight is effective in controlling infestation (Mike service, 2012). Further discusses that insecticide impregnated nets rise to be of great help in protection against bedbugs⁰ and in addition, clothes wrapped in a plastic vial and exposed to cold temperature of -18 C does not allow their survival. Bedbug infestation associated problems include lack of sleep, psychological and social distress from society’s stigma concerning pests. Although bedbugs have not been linked to disease transmission; they have been shown to harbour the causative organisms of plague, relapsing fever tularaemia, and Q fever. Symptoms from their bites include severe irritation, itching, inflammation, and swelling of the skin (Onah.et al, 2014). The purpose of this study was to establish bedbug infestation, assess the hazards associated with harbouring bedbugs and the control practices employed by the people of Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo.

1.2 Problem statement.

Bedbug populations have increased and infestations are becoming epidemic. Bedbug infestations can have adverse effects on health and quality of life in the general population (Eddy and Jones 2011).

Bedbugs are considered a public health problem because they are environmentally communicable, cause ill-health, and lack of wellbeing (Aultman, 2013). Exposure symptoms include pain, itchiness, raised welts, loss of sleep and psychological distress to humans (Rieder et al. 2012). Reactions to bedbug bites vary among individuals, with some individuals not experiencing bite symptoms, while others suffer from systemic symptoms of lethargy, dysphagia, chest tightness, and difficulty in breathing (Changlu. W.et al, 2016).

Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo was not exceptional of bedbug infestation and the mentioned hazards associated with harbouring bedbugs. According to reports from individuals within the community, bedbug infestation was a mentioned problem at large. Numerous health educations have been carried out by authorities from the local government to sensitize people on this occurring health problem combined with Individual Control practices like improvement of hygiene and insecticide application.

Despite of the local government’s intervention and measures employed to control the

infestation, bedbug infestation was still a mentioned problem in Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo. Could this be due to lack of knowledge on bed bug infestation? Or could it be due to lack of awareness on bedbug infestation and dispersal mechanisms? This research was intended to establish bedbug infestation, assess the knowledge on hazards associated with harbouring bedbugs and the control practices employed by the people of Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo

1.3.0 Objectives of the study.

1.3.1 General objective.

To assess the knowledge and practices about bedbug infestation in Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo

1.3.2 Specific objectives.

• To establish bedbug infestation in Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo

• To assess the knowledge on hazards associated with bedbug infestation.
• To assess the control practices employed by the people of Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo.

1.4 Research questions.

1. What is the magnitude of bedbug infestation in Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo?

2. What is the knowledge on hazards associated with bedbug infestation in Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo?

3. What are the control practices employed by the people of Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo?

1.5 Significance of the study.

The study on knowledge and practices about bedbug infestation in Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo provided scientific information which would be used in mobilization and policy making in the community by the local government.

The study provided academic informantion which was to be used as a baseline reference in research studies for further investigations in vector control. The study equiped the respondents and general community with knowledge and practices about bedbug infestation.

This study enabled the researcher to acquire skills and methods in research data collection and acquire a diploma in Medical Entomology and Parasitology by the ministry of education and sports.

1.6 Scope of study.

1.6.1 Time scope.

Study was carried out with in the period of one month from mid-December to mid-January.

1.6.2 Geographical scope.

The study was conducted within Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungo.

1.6.3 Content scope.

The study included house hold heads of registered households in Gombe State College of Health Sciences and Technology Kaltungu and also those above 18 years who were present at the time of study in case the household heads were absent.

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Full Project – Knowledge and practices about bedbug infestation in College of Health Science and Technology