Full Project – TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN FUNDING OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Secondary education is very important in Enugu State because it helps students learn how to live in the world and how to go to college. As Ogbonnaya (2003: 141) says, “Secondary education is full-time education in secondary schools for students between the ages of 11 or 12 and 18 and over.” Also, the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1998: 16) in her National Policy on Education says that it’s “the type of education that kids get after primary school and before they go to college.”

It takes six years to get a secondary education in Nigeria. The first two years are called junior secondary and senior secondary schools. It takes three years to finish each part. The curriculum at the senior secondary school is very broad and well-balanced. In middle school, students learn both academic and pre-job skills.

The ministry gives the board money every three months to help them with their management jobs. The board spends these grants to pay teachers’ salaries,  remunerations, buy stationery, office equipment, and physical space. The board also makes budgets and awards contracts that follow the rules and guidelines of the state’s Tender Board. It lays out the rules for everyone who works at a Post-Primary School, but the commissioner of education has to sign off on them.

In addition to quarterly grants, the state gives money to secondary schools for things like registration for external exams and new students and parents’ and teachers’ association levies. There are also donations and other sources of money.

On community participation, Ndu, Ocho, and Okeke (1997) said that in 1970, the East Central state government took over school control. They said that this meant that schools had to deal with everything from politics to economics to religion. They said that school community relations have always been a part of effective school management. Education in Nigeria should be free at all levels. The Federal Republic of Nigeria (2004) said that the government’s ultimate goal was to make education free at all levels. The financing of education is a shared responsibility between the federal government, state and local governments, and businesses. In this case, the government welcomes and encourages the involvement of local communities, individuals, and other groups.

In this study, educational authorities are the people who run the schools.that have some level of authority. The people in education are the ones who are the best at what they do have the right to command and expect the subordinates to follow you. The people in charge of schools are called educational authorities by Nwachukwu and Mgbodile (2004). They have the power to order people to do things and make them do them. These administrators also have the power to make decisions or act. There is a lot of power at the top of schools, and it goes down. In secondary schools, there are people in charge, like principals, vice principals, teachers, and bursars, who run things.

Statement of Problem

Effective community participation is the vehicle through which primary and secondary school objectives can be achieved. Some communities are never lacking in making some contributions in Nigerian secondary schools. The problem always has been that some communities in rural areas especially in area of study do not make effective participation in funding of secondary school in Nsukka Education Zone. It must be stated that the attitude of some community leaders and school administrators in the zone were characterized by different forms of behaviour ranging from embezzlement, fraudulence, inappropriate budgeting and award of contract to fake politicians and non-professionals. These discourage many community members and private sectors from making donations and contributions for secondary schools. Some times there is no cordial relationship between the school authorities and communities.

It has been observed that some school principals lack the ability of relating to important members of the community that would probably render assistance to school interms of administration and provision of materials for teaching and learning. The problem of this study therefore put in a question form is: what are the techniques for improving community participation in funding of secondary schools in Nsukka Education Zone?

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of the study is to identify techniques for improving community participation in the funding of secondary education through the opinion of community members and educational authorities in Nsukka education zone of Enugu state. Specifically, the study will:

1. Identify constraints to community participation in funding of secondary schools .
2. Identify the school community relations of activities that could enhance community participation in funding of secondary schools .
3. Ascertain methods community would adopt in contribution of funds to secondary school in Nsukka Education Zone.
4. Determine the policies and measures that could be initiated by the government to increase community participation in the funding of secondary schools .

Significance of the Study

The findings from this study are bound to have enumerable significance and will provide information to participants and beneficiaries including school administrators, students and the general public comprising governments, voluntary agencies and communities.

The result of this study will serve as a guide to school administrators in its efforts to develop an active interest in community life by promoting the involvement and participation of the school in suitable community activities such activities are extra mural classes, adult education programmes, club meeting, sporting activities and so on.

The outcome of this research will be utilized by the ministry of Education Enugu and post primary school management Board for effective planning and implementation of various educational policies and programmes to justify the government’s huge material and financial resources to secondary education. The study will be beneficial to government in areas of keeping statistical records of how community funds schools. This will help them initiate actions on how to get the community to full participation in the funding secondary education. The education policy makers will find this research work very indispensable if published since it will guide them in initiating the right policy, which will motivate the community to increase their funding to schools. When this is done, secondary education objectives will be realized.

To the school administrators and community leaders, the study if published will be a guide in management of funds and to reduce embezzlement considerably

since the community may like to know how the funds and physical materials they provide are being disbursed and preserved.

The outcome of this study will help the school administrators in acquisition of more knowledge, if the constraints standing on the way to effecting implementation of the community participation in funding secondary education is identified and then eliminated.

The funding of this research will X-ray community’s method of contribution of funds and possible problems that would be associated with the system and the best way that will engender and increase community participation in funding of secondary education in Nsukka education zone.

This study will enable the state government realize that effective community participation in funding of secondary education will no doubt release them from financial burden and make way for effective administration that will be geared towards achievement of educational goals.

Finally, researchers will find this work very useful because it will help to increase their knowledge in education finance, that is, income and expenditure of educational institutions. It will also be very useful to researchers in providing basic information for further research in the related areas.

Scope of the study

The study shall be carried out in Nsukka education zone comprising Igbo-Etiti, Nsukka and Uzo-Uwani Local government Areas of Enugu State of Nigeria. The principals, teachers and community representatives will be involved in the study.

The research is centred on involving techniques for improving community participation in funding of secondary schools in Nsukka education zone. The study shall concentrate on constraints to community techniques in funding of secondary schools in Nsukka education zone and school community relations that could enhance community participation in funding of secondary education. The study should also examine the better method to be adopted by the community in contribution of funds to secondary education and the polices that can be formulated by the government that could improve and enhance community participation in funding of secondary schools in Nsukka education zone of Enugu State.

Research Questions

The following research questions were formulated to guide the study:

1. What are the constraints facing community participation in funding of secondary schools?
2. What school and community relations of activities that could enhance community participation in funding of secondary schools?
3. What methods of contribution that could be adopted by the community to enhance community participation in funding of secondary schools?
4. What policies and measures could be initiated by the government to increase community participation in funding of secondary schools?

Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study and will be tested at 0.05 levels of significances

1. There is no significant difference between the mean ratings of community members and educational authorities with regard to constraints facing community participation in funding of secondary schools.
2. There is no significant gender difference between the mean ratings of respondents with regard to community relations of activities for improving community participation in funding of secondary schools.
3. There is no significant difference between the mean ratings of community members and educational authorities with respect to the methods of contribution to be adopted by the community in funding of secondary schools.

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Full Project – TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN FUNDING OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA