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Full Project – FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF ORAL ENGLISH IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Language is the greatest defining characteristic and trait of humans. Language is defined by a set of decoded vocal sounds. Language is not a self-contained entity. It is perpetually contextualized. Language and society are inextricably linked. The interdependence between language and society cannot be overstated in a child’s education. Language serves as a map of social reality. English is a widely spoken language in Nigeria. The English language has developed into a priceless British heritage, providing Nigerians with yet another method of expressing their culture. Nigeria’s official language is English (Adedimeji, 2007).

Notwithstanding, it has been observed that there are many problems militating against the teaching and learning of Oral English in Post primary schools as enumerated by many writers on problem of Oral English in Nigeria. They attributed the high level of failures in Oral English to lack of students concentration in the classroom, their view steamed from observed students performance in Oral English.

Thus, observed failure could be as a result of inability of the students to understand economic terms, lack of finance to buy relevant textbooks, inadequate teachers, inability of the students’ to interpret Oral English table and graph, inappropriate and ineffective method of teaching, lack of control over the attitudes of students and teachers and others which have contributed to low level of teaching Oral English in secondary schools.

Okorie (1979: 152) suggested that for the effective teaching to take place, the skillful teacher needs to use the many effective method and techniques effectively because in them his success and failure depends. He further emphasized that the success in the use of methods depends on the intelligent analysis of educational purposes, pupil in the class and the curriculum content of the moment.

A few moment reflection is sufficient to reveal that every society faces crucial issues and problem in education which have very serious economic angles that cannot be overlooked easily for instance, the production of education as well as the acquisition of education both require the use of large qualities of scare resources (Production of education requires conducive classrooms, administrative blocks, personnel, librarians, laboratories while the acquisition of education requires expenditures on tuition fees, book, travels, uniform, lodging etc. and students time.

The English language serves a variety of purposes in Nigeria. It functions as a lingua franca. It is the language of instruction, the constitution, nationalism, the media, the government, and education, among other things. This is because Nigeria is a bilingual country, and the English language acts as a means of communication between its citizens. From the fourth year of elementary school until the university level, a kid is introduced to the English language (Adegbija, 2004). This is stated unequivocally in Section 4 paragraph 19, subsection on elementary education, 2004 of the Federal republic of Nigeria’s national policy on education. ‘That English shall be utilized as the medium of instruction and immediate environment language beginning in the fourth year, and that French shall be taught as a subject’. This means that beginning in the fourth year of elementary school, English will be the language of teaching.

In Nigeria, the English language is highly valued. It has a critical part in the educational system, as evidenced by the functions of the English language in Nigeria. It is a political maneuver, and it also helps alleviate fears about racial control. The practical oral part of the English language becomes even more critical for engagement and articulation in our daily usage of the language (Alabi, 2003).. Additionally, the use of English facilitated involvement at the national and international levels. To participate effectively and efficiently in the country’s social, political, and economic life, one must be able to comprehend and use the English language effectively and efficiently.

Vertical mobility is accomplished through the usage of the English language (Adedimeji, 2007). It helps one to advance from a lower to a higher social status. It is the prestige language not because its users are more clever than illiterates, but because they can communicate in it. As a result, it has developed into a language of individuality (Adedimeji, 2007). The English language’s importance in Nigeria emphasizes the importance of Nigerians learning, comprehending, and effectively using the English language. There is little question that the primary influence of mother tongue language on the English language is interference.

Interference has been observed as a cogent impact that mother tongue language has on English language. Sources of the interferences therefore could be phonology- (a science which deals with the study of sounds in language) that is how different sounds or phonemes are combined. Morphology (this deals with the combination of morphemes to form words, morpheme is the smallest indivisible unit of a language that has a significant meaning). Syntax (the arrangement of words in a language according to rules). The concern of this project is on the phonological aspect of English language (oral English).

Also, there could be poor teaching of pronunciation by the teachers. Some of the teachers use grammatical translation method especially in the elementary schools. They often explain meanings of English words using the mother tongue language. The pupils transfer the idea of having explanation of meanings being made in the mother tongue language over to the secondary schools. It is therefore the intention of this study to identify problems that affect the oral English of students in the secondary schools as regards the impact of mother tongue language on it. In addition, suggestions and recommendations would be made on how to reduce the impact of mother tongue language on oral English.

Statement of the Problem

There is no doubt that secondary school students in Nigeria are being faced with the problem of mother tongue language interference in studying English language. The oral aspect of English language is the main focus of this research. The impact of the mother tongue language on the pronunciation of English words is one of the problems. The impact of the home background on the students’ pronunciation of English words is also a problem.

Hence, series of works have been done concerning the problems of mother tongue language interference on the oral English of secondary school students in English language but it was observed that little or no emphasis has been made on the Factors Influencing Effective Teaching of Oral English in Senior Secondary School.

Poor performance in Examination is caused by many factors such as; students ineffective study techniques, quality of teachers and method of teaching, the parents inability to provide useful materials like textbooks, exercise books and school fees and problem of inadequate instructional materials for teaching and learning of Oral English in schools.

Consequently, there has been a need to conduct a research work on the Factors Influencing Effective Teaching of Oral English in Senior Secondary School.

Purpose of the Study

The general purpose of this study is to examine the Factors Influencing Effective Teaching of Oral English in Senior Secondary School. Specifically, the purposes of this study are to determine;

The impact of home background on the students’ performances in oral English.
The impact of non-availability of language equipment on students’ performances in oral English.
The impact of poor teaching on the students’ performances in oral English.
The impact of the teacher’s qualification on the performances of students in oral English.

Research Questions

Based on the purposes of this study, the following questions are raised to direct the study.

What are the impacts of home background on the students’ performances in oral English?
What are the impacts of non-availability of language equipment on the students’ performances in pronunciation?
What are the impacts of poor teaching on the performance students in oral English?
What are the impacts of the teacher’s qualification on the performance of students in oral English?

Scope of the Study

This study focuses on Ilorin South Local Government area of kwara state, Nigeria. The target scope of this study is the secondary schools in Ilorin South Local Government Area. The sample scope of this study is limited to four (4) secondary schools in Ilorin South Local Government namely; Government Day Secondary school, Tanke, Bishop Smith Memorial Secondary school, Union Baptist Grammar school, Gaa-Akanbi and Chapel secondary school Tanke, Ilorin.

The sampling technique to be used is the simple random sampling technique. The sample scope is limited to the selected schools above. The sample scope will be limited to one hundred (100) students; twenty-five (25) from each school and it is restricted to only the senior secondary school two (SS 2). The questionnaire will be used as the instrument scope of this study. Questionnaire on the impact of mother tongue language on oral English will be asked to elicit responses from the students. Simple percentage will be used as the statistical scope of this study.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study would be of immense benefit to student-teachers, students, teachers, stakeholders and Government. This would be facilitated by making the study available in places where the public could gain access to it, for example; the library, internet and print media houses.

The essence of this study is to show the result of the co-existence of the mother tongue language (Yoruba) and English language. The co-existence will allow students to be exposed to the interference of the two languages, where the interference occurs and how to minimize it. The study will help the teachers of English language to know the measures to be taken in order to help students minimize their mother tongue language interference on oral English.

Finally, the suggested solutions in this study would be of great benefits to educational curriculum planners. It would help the education curriculum planners to place premium on the essential aspect of the study of English language which would be of immense help in alleviating the problems of mother tongue language interference in oral English.

Operational Definition of Terms

The terms of the project work will be operationally defined by the researcher.

ORAL ENGLISH: Oral English is the way in which English language is transmitted through a conventional system sounds. Oral English is also called Spoken English. The way sounds are being articulated to give a good and competent pronunciation.

IMPACT: This occurs when an individual allows the features of his/her mother tongue language (Yoruba) to interfere within his/her competence in the target language (English). The proper use of Yoruba dialect on English language.

Instructional Materials: These are materials that are used to aid in the transference of information from one student to another in Education arena.

Teaching: the act or profession of a person who teaches.

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Full Project – FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF ORAL ENGLISH IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

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Full Project – FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF ORAL ENGLISH IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

Full Project – FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF ORAL ENGLISH IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

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