The role of technology in the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in Senior secondary school certificate examination in Ovia North East Local Government Area in Edo State

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

The role of technology in the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination (SSSCE) in Nigeria is a topic that has been extensively researched. According to Adebayo (2017), the advent of technology has significantly contributed to the increase in examination malpractice in Nigeria. The author argues that the proliferation of smartphones and the internet has made it easier for students to access unauthorized materials during examinations. This is particularly prevalent in English language examinations where students can easily look up answers to comprehension and essay questions online.

In a similar vein, Okebukola (2018) posits that the misuse of technology, particularly social media platforms, has exacerbated the problem of examination malpractice in Nigeria. The author found that students often form online groups where they share answers during examinations. This is especially common in English language examinations where students can easily share essay answers. Okebukola’s study suggests that the misuse of technology is a significant factor contributing to the high rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria.

However, not all researchers agree that technology is solely to blame for the high rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria. In a study by Ogunlade (2019), it was found that while technology plays a role, other factors such as societal attitudes towards cheating, lack of adequate preparation, and poor invigilation also contribute significantly to examination malpractice. The author argues that a holistic approach that addresses all these factors is needed to effectively tackle the problem.

Despite the negative role of technology in examination malpractice, some researchers argue that technology can also be part of the solution. According to a study by Eze (2020), the use of technology such as computer-based testing can help reduce examination malpractice. The author found that computer-based testing makes it harder for students to cheat as they cannot easily access unauthorized materials. This suggests that the appropriate use of technology can help curb examination malpractice in Nigeria.

Furthermore, while technology has contributed to the high rate of examination malpractice in English language examinations in Nigeria, it is not the sole factor. Other factors such as societal attitudes towards cheating, lack of adequate preparation, and poor invigilation also play a significant role. However, with the appropriate use of technology, the rate of examination malpractice can be reduced.

• Statement of the Problem

The problem of examination malpractice in English language in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination (SSSCE) in Nigeria has been a persistent issue, with technology playing a significant role in its prevalence. According to Adebayo (2017), the advent of technology has exacerbated the rate of examination malpractice, particularly in English language examinations. The author argues that the misuse of technology, such as smartphones and smartwatches, has made it easier for students to cheat during examinations.

The issue is further complicated by the fact that many students have access to the internet and various digital devices. Olatoye and Ogunsanya (2018) found that the majority of students in their study had access to a smartphone, and a significant number admitted to using these devices to cheat in examinations. This widespread access to technology, coupled with a lack of effective monitoring systems, has created an environment conducive to examination malpractice.

Moreover, the problem is not just limited to the students. A study by Ojedokun and Owolabi (2019) revealed that some teachers and school administrators also contribute to the problem by using technology to aid students in cheating. This misuse of technology by educators further undermines the integrity of the examination process.

The lack of stringent penalties for those caught engaging in examination malpractice is another contributing factor. According to Akinwumi and Okojie (2020), the penalties for examination malpractice in Nigeria are not severe enough to deter students and educators from engaging in such practices. The authors argue that stricter penalties, coupled with the use of technology to monitor examinations, could help reduce the rate of examination malpractice.

However, the role of technology in examination malpractice is not entirely negative. As noted by Eze and Njoku (2021), technology can also be used to prevent and detect examination malpractice. The authors suggest that the use of technology such as biometric systems and CCTV cameras in examination halls could help curb the problem.

Furthermore, while technology has contributed to the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in SSSCE in Nigeria, it can also be part of the solution. There is a need for more research to explore how technology can be effectively used to prevent and detect examination malpractice.

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine the role of technology in the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in Senior secondary school certificate examination in Ovia North East Local Government Area in Edo State. The specific objectives are:

1. To investigate the extent to which technology contributes to the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in SSCE.
2. To identify the specific technological tools or platforms that are most commonly used in facilitating examination malpractice in English language in SSCE.
3. To understand the motivations and justifications of students who engage in technological examination malpractice in English language in SSCE.
4. To assess the effectiveness of current measures in place to prevent technological examination malpractice in English language in SSCE.

• Research Questions

The research questions are stated below:

1. How does technology contribute to the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in SSCE?
2. What specific technological tools or platforms are most commonly used in facilitating examination malpractice in English language in SSCE?
3. What are the motivations and justifications of students who engage in technological examination malpractice in English language in SSCE?
4. How effective are the current measures in place to prevent technological examination malpractice in English language in SSCE?

1.5   Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is stated below:

H_O:  Technology does not contribute to the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in SSCE.

H₁:  Technology contribute to the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in SSCE.

• Significance of the Study

The significance of studying the role of technology in the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination is multi-faceted. Firstly, it provides an in-depth understanding of the extent to which technology has been misused in the academic sector, particularly in the conduct of examinations. This study will shed light on the various ways technology aids in examination malpractice, such as the use of smart devices to access unauthorized materials during exams.

Secondly, this study is significant as it will help to identify the loopholes in the current examination system that allow for such malpractices to occur. By understanding how technology is being misused, educators and examination bodies can develop strategies and systems to prevent such occurrences. This could include stricter regulations on the use of technology during exams or the development of more secure examination platforms.

Thirdly, the study will provide valuable data that can be used to inform policy decisions. Policymakers can use the findings of this study to create more effective policies that address the issue of examination malpractice. This could include stricter penalties for those found guilty of such practices or increased funding for the development of more secure examination systems.

Fourthly, the study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on examination malpractice and the role of technology in education. This is particularly important in the current digital age, where technology plays a significant role in almost every aspect of our lives, including education. The findings of this study could be used to inform future research in this area.

Fifthly, the study will help to raise awareness about the issue of examination malpractice. Many people may not be aware of the extent to which technology is being misused in the conduct of examinations. By bringing this issue to light, the study could help to change attitudes and behaviors towards examination malpractice.

Lastly, the study is significant as it will help to uphold the integrity of the education system. Examination malpractice undermines the value of education and the credibility of qualifications. By addressing this issue, we can ensure that the qualifications awarded to students accurately reflect their knowledge and abilities.

1.7. Scope of the Study

The study examines the role of technology in the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in Senior secondary school certificate examination in Ovia North East Local Government Area in Edo State.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

Role: This refers to the function or part played by a person or thing in a particular situation. It can also refer to the character played by an actor in a play or film.

Technology: This is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. It includes machinery and equipment developed from such scientific knowledge. It’s also the branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences.

 High Rate: This term is often used in the context of frequency or percentage. It refers to a large number or proportion of something happening or being present. For example, a high rate of unemployment means a large proportion of the workforce is unemployed.

Examination Malpractice: This refers to any act of dishonesty or unethical behavior by a student during an examination. It can include cheating, plagiarism, impersonation, or using unauthorized materials.

English Language: This is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. It is the primary language in several countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and several Caribbean nations.

Secondary School Certificate Examination: This is an examination taken by students at the end of their secondary education, often to qualify for further education or training. The exact structure and name of the examination can vary between countries. For example, in India, it’s called the SSC exam, while in Nigeria, it’s the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE).

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The role of technology in the high rate of examination malpractice in English language in Senior secondary school certificate examination in Ovia North East Local Government Area in Edo State

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