Full Project – CAUSES OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Examination is a formal test of some body’s knowledge or ability in a particular subject; especially by means of answering questions or practical exercises. Examination is also seen as the process through which students are evaluated or tested to find out the quality of knowledge they have acquired within a specified period of study.
According to Olujuwon (2004), the Nigeria educational system is in a state of confusion and disarray. This is as a result of inconsistence and non-implementation of educational policies, corruption and corrupt practices perpetrated by the stake – holders. There had been a clarion call by all and sundry to re-examine and appraise the educational system in line with current trends.
Examination has been generally accepted as the best means of assessment. It is a formal test of knowledge or ability. Infact, in a school setting, examination is a means of evaluating the quantity of knowledge a student has acquired within a specific period of time. Adekunle (2003) sees examination as an instrument used for the assessment of individual skills and knowledge-content, both in general and specific area of study.
Teaching and learning become more effective when the students are subjected to an examination process to determine the extent to which the students have assimilated the content of the instruction given and the teacher can also assess himself from the performance of the students. In essence, examinations are used to determine pass or fail of a student or group of students in the opinion. History seems to support the view that setting children against one another in trials and competitions has always been a respectable means of inciting them of deal’’. A student who knows that he might fall on examination which will in turn determine his progress or promotion will strive hard in order to pass. This once more encourages kind of competition within groups of students who will dim at nigh position in their classes.
Examinations are also used for academic stratification or for assigning grades to students. For decade, the West Africa Examination Council awards results on the basis of some stratification’s and three. The contemporary practice of (N.C.E). Students are stratified into distinction, credit merit and pass, while in the university also, students are stratified into first, second (upper and lower) or third class degrees having gone through an examination. These grades are a measure of success and prestige. A child with a division one pass in school certificate examination will be regarded by those around him as academically precocious. He is also likely to have a place in the institution of higher learning or in job situation within the society easier than a child with a division three pass. All these conditions have combined to influence a child’s attitude to an examination; attitude which always colonnade in an urge for success in any particular examination whether or not he had prepared for it. These competitions in school have their parallel in the society.
Unfortunately, this all important means of assessing students has become ineffective as all forms of malpractice have been introduced into the system. Adesina (2000) traced the history of examination malpractice in Nigeria to 1914. When there was a leakage of the Cambridge examination. Cheating became widespread in schools hence in 1967, the Alexander Commission was set up as a special commission of inquiry to investigate the incidences of malpractice in Nigeria.
In 1977, there was a widespread leakage of the West Africa School Certificate Examination questions. Government took it as a challenge to address issues of examination malpractice. A special conference was held in that regard at Ibadan in 1986. Decrees were promulgated, schools were sanctioned, results cancelled and invigilators arrested all in a bid to curb malpractice.
The irony of it all is that despite the several attempts made by school authorities, government agencies, parents and church leaders in trying to concentise the Nigerian students on the evils of examination malpractice, this menace is still in its increase in the various schools. There is the need to find out the causes and solutions of examination malpractice in Nigerian schools.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The ever continued cry of increased examination malpractices in our secondary schools hall become a very serious problems to every reasonable and responsible – citizen. Lack of staff disciplinary measures coupled with commitment by parents in particular had become the major problem that is invariably threatening the survival of students’ academic excellence in our schools. With reference to Suleimon (2008), the examination bodies, to an extent constitute problems that cause examination malpractices in our secondary schools. According to him, W.A.E.C, N.E.C.O, JAMB and other examination bodies in Nigeria are major players in the perpetration of examination malpractice. He opined that most of the private schools which WAEC or NECO give centres are haven for the perpetration of examination misconduct.
He is of the view that in most cases, some WAEC external invigilators are bought over and as a result, all sorts of illegitimate activities could be going on in those centers, all these activities really constitute to a very large extent; the problems which the researchers wish to unravel which underscores the need for the study.
From the background given to this study, it could be seen that examination plays an important role in our educational system as well as the society we live in but hones examinations are hard to find nowadays. Malpractices in examinations have been reported since 1914 when there was a leakage or question papers in the senior Cambridge local examination. Ever since, there have been cases of irregularities reported on a yearly basis. The statement of the problem therefore Causes of examination malpractice among secondary school students.
In order to be able to effectively investigate the main problems as stated above the following sub problems are to be investigated.
- What are the examination malpractices in Secondary schools?
- What are the different factors involve in examination malpractices in Secondary schools?
- What Conditions Sustain Examination Malpractice in Nigeria?
- What are the Dangers and Consequences of Examination Malpractices?
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