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Full Project – EVALUATION OF CHEESE QUALITY USING GRADED LEVEL OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS AS MILK COAGULANT

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The word cheese is derived from Latin word Cascus from which the modern word casein is also derived. Cheese is a generic term for a diverse group of milk based food products.

Cheese is produced in wide ranging flavours, texture and forms (Fankhause, 2007).

Cheese consists of proteins and fat from milk usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goat or sheep. It is produced by coagulation of the milk protein. Typically the milk is acidified and addition of the enzyme (rennet) or using lemon juice or vinegar causes coagulation.

The solid are separated and pressed into final form (Fankhauser, 2007).

Hundred of types of cheese are produced, their styles, textures and flavour depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal diet) whether they have been pasteurized, the butter fat content, the bacteria and molds the processing and aging.

Herbs, spices or wood smoke may be use as flavouring agent. The yellow to red colour of many cheeses, such as red Leicester, is formed from adding ammalto (U.S Code of Federal regulation, 2006).

Cheese is value for its portability, long life and high content of fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus, cheese is more compact and has a long shelf life than milk, although how long a cheese will keep may depend on the typed of cheese (History of cheese accessed 2007/06/10).

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CHEESE

The need for milk as a source of food has been felt ever since man became aware of the necessary nutrient in the milk. In the primitive ages, the proposed date for the origin of cheese making range from around 8000BCE (when sheep was first domesticated) to around 3000BCE. The first cheese may have been made by people in the Middle East or by nomadic Turkish tribe in Central Asia. Since animal skin and inflated internal organs have, since ancient times, provide storage vessels for a range of food stuffs, it is probable that the process of cheese making was discovered accidentally by storing milk in a container made from the stomach of an animal, resulting in the milk being turned to curd and whey by the rennet from the stomach of animal.

The cheese making may have begun independently of this by the pressing and salting of curdled milk to prevent it. (History of cheese accessed, 2007).

From the notable observation that the effect of making milk in an animal stomach gave more solid and better – textured curds may have led to the deliberate addition of rennet (Jenny, 1967).

SCIENTIFIC ADVANCE:-

In some years ago it was discovered that milk is often standardized before cheese making, to optimize the protein to fat ration to make a good quality cheese with a high yield. Such new scientific advancement are pasteurized/ heat treat milk, inoculate with starter and non starter Bacteria and Ripen.

1.2 AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this project is to know how to prepare cheese from milk and the main ingredient that can enhance the quality of the cheese production. This would enable the producer to know the necessary and the best coagulant used and the best method(s) use in the preparation.

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